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Course Profile   Biology, Grade 11, University Preparation, Catholic

 

Course Overview

 

Course Profiles are professional development materials designed to help teachers implement the new Grade 11 secondary school curriculum. These materials were created by writing partnerships of school boards and subject associations. The development of these resources was funded by the Ontario Ministry of Education. This document reflects the views of the developers and not necessarily those of the Ministry. Permission is given to reproduce these materials for any purpose except profit. Teachers are also encouraged to amend, revise, edit, cut, paste, and otherwise adapt this material for educational purposes.

 

Any references in this document to particular commercial resources, learning materials, equipment, or technology reflect only the opinions of the writers of this sample Course Profile, and do not reflect any official endorsement by the Ministry of Education or by the Partnership of School Boards that supported the production of the document.

 

© Queen’s Printer for Ontario, 2001

Acknowledgments

Catholic District School Board Writing Teams –

 

Catholic Curriculum Cooperative of Central Ontario (CCCC) Writing Partnership - Science

 

Lead Board

Hamilton-Wentworth Catholic District School Board

Remo Presutti, Manager

 

Course Profile Writing Team

Alex Annab, Dufferin-Peel CDSB

Ted Laxton, Wellington CDSB

Donna Stack-Durward (Lead Writer), Hamilton-Wentworth CDSB

 

Course Profile Internal Review Team

Anthony Briatico, Hamilton-Wentworth CDSB

Dr. Anthony Cushieri, Hamilton-Wentworth CDSB

Milan Sanader, Dufferin-Peel CDSB

 

University Destination Reviewer

Dr. Louise Barber, McMaster University

 

 

 

Institute for Catholic Education (ICE)

 


Course Overview

Biology, Grade 11, University Preparation, SBI3U

 

Prerequisite:  Science, Grade 10, Academic

Course Description

This course furthers students’ understandings of the processes involved in biological systems. Students will study cellular functions, genetic continuity, internal systems and regulation, the diversity of living things, and the anatomy, growth, and functions of plants. The course focuses on the theoretical aspects of the topics under study, and helps students refine skills related to scientific investigation. University preparation courses are designed to equip students with the knowledge and skills they need to meet the entrance requirements for university programs. Teaching and learning will emphasize theoretical aspects of the course content and will also include concrete applications. Emphasis is also placed on the development and demonstration of both independent research skills and independent learning skills by students.

How This Course Supports the Ontario Catholic School Graduate Expectations

This course seeks to further the achievement of Catholic Graduate expectations through integrating Scripture, Catholic Church teaching, and moral and ethical reflection into the curriculum. Biology becomes authentic when it acknowledges both the material and spiritual dimensions of life. Students use Scripture to reflect on the mystery, wonder and awe, and sacredness of life. They use Church teaching to inform themselves in order to think critically and reflectively about the moral and ethical issues raised in the course. In addition to the informative role that the curriculum plays, there is the formative role of the community within the classroom. When Gospel values are actively witnessed within the classroom community they reveal the deeper spiritual Truth of our creation and are seen as something ‘reasonable and worthy of being lived.’

Course Notes

University preparation courses are designed to equip students with the knowledge and skills they need to meet the entrance requirements for university programs. This course provides students with the prerequisite knowledge and skills needed for the Grade 12 Biology University Preparation course. In planning for this course teachers must be aware of, and then emphasize, the theoretical aspects of this course content. Whenever possible teachers must include relevant concrete applications. Emphasis should be placed on the development and demonstration of both independent research and learning skills. Teachers should be aware that certain lab skills, like the proper care and use of the microscope, were previously done in Grade 8 and may require review. Teachers must incorporate the skills essential for scientific investigation that apply to all areas of the course content and must be developed in all the course units. Assessment of the students’ mastery of these skills must be included in the evaluation of students’ achievement. In this profile these skills expectations have been coded as Scientific Investigation Skills (SIS.01 to SIS.10).

This course is organized into five units to follow the logical development of knowledge, theories, and skills. The units are: Diversity of Living Things; Cellular Functions; Genetic Continuity; Internal Systems and Regulation; and Plants: Anatomy, Growth and Functions. These units match the strands used in The Ontario Curriculum, Grade 11, Science document for Biology, Grade 11, University Preparation course. However, they have been re-ordered to provide a meaningful and relevant framework to the study of living things in the Catholic context. Teachers may wish to integrate the strands into units following an arrangement different to that suggested in this course profile, but in doing so they must consider the time allocated to each.

For example, teachers may choose to re-organize the plant related expectations from the Internal Systems and Regulation unit and incorporate them into the Plants: Anatomy, Growth and Functions unit. A suggested emphasis for each of the clustered expectations within each unit is given in bold type and matches the four categories of assessment.

The teacher must provide ample opportunities for students to engage in safe, relevant laboratory activities in all units of this course. The health and safety of teachers and students must be routinely addressed when conducting laboratory activities as outlined in Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System (WHMIS) legislation.

Starting with the Diversity of Living Things, this course fosters an appreciation of the wonders of God’s creation and stimulates students’ curiosity about the living world and its diversity. This provides the foundation for exploring the unity and diversity of living things in subsequent units. This approach nurtures a world view that envisions the totality of life as being greater than the sum of its parts. It is critical that students develop strong communication skills, including the use of current technology for collecting, organizing and presenting information. Science cannot be taught in isolation but must be linked to other disciplines. By helping students understand connections and interdependence, they will develop an awareness of controversial issues involving science, technology, society, and the environment (STSE). This allows them to become reflective and creative thinkers who examine, evaluate, and apply knowledge of interdependent systems for the development of a just and compassionate society. Students will be expected to use computer technology. Teachers are encouraged to incorporate the use of tools such as computer based simulations, multimedia applications, and computer-assisted laboratory apparatus in the delivery of this course. Care must be taken to ensure that computer-assisted laboratory programs are not used where essential scientific skills should be developed.

Units:  Titles and Time

* Unit 1

Diversity of Living Things

18 hours

Unit 2

Cellular Functions

17 hours

Unit 3

Genetic Continuity

25 hours

Unit 4

Internal Systems and Regulation

26 hours

Unit 5

Plants: Anatomy, Growth and Functions

24 hours

* This unit is developed in this Course Profile.

Unit Overviews

Unit 1:  Diversity of Living Things

Time:  18 hours

Unit Description

Students investigate the diversity of living organisms through a series of activities. Each of these activities cluster expectations allowing students to sequentially develop the skills and understanding of the rationale for phylogeny and taxonomy. Consequently, the importance of biodiversity in maintaining natural ecosystems is discovered. Finally, students explore the role of micro-organisms in the growing field of biotechnology. Students are asked to integrate Catholic faith traditions in the critical analysis of biotechnology’s role in society. Students were introduced to the concept of classification in science in Grade 6. This unit emphasizes the development of research and independent learning skills. Lab skills are introduced but play a more significant role in later units. Students produce a Book of Life, which is the key assessment task for the unit. It incorporates materials from several activities and is a place for personal reflection.

The first activity clusters expectations that help students to develop an understanding of the fundamentals of classification. A series of investigation based activities help students acquire the skills necessary to develop and use a dichotomous key.

The second activity clusters expectations related to the skills needed to collect and classify specimens using currently accepted methods. Students are cautioned on what and how samples are to be collected. In the sample unit, students investigate invertebrates found in an aquatic ecosystem.

In the third activity students investigate the importance of sexual reproduction to variability and they study the use of micro-organisms in the field of biotechnology.

In the fourth activity students participate in a symposium focusing on the connection between biodiversity and species survival.

Unit Overview Chart

Cluster

Expectations

Assessment

Focus/Tasks

1

DLV.01,.02; DL1.01,1.02,1.03,1.04; DL2.01,2.02

CGE2a,2b,2e,3e,7d,7i

SIS.04

K

I

C

MC

Classification: develop a dichotomous key and classify figures and organisms; create a Book of Life

2

DLV.01, .02; DL2.03; DL3.02

CGE2c,2d,3e,4a,4b,4f,
5a,5e,5f,7a

I

C

Field Trip: participate in and complete a report on a field study (e.g. aquatic study)

3

DLV.01,.03; DL1.05, DL3.01

CGE1e,2b,2c,2d,2e,
3d,3f,4f,5a,5e

SIS.05,.10

K

C

MC

Variability with Populations and Biotechnology: define variability and complete worksheets and critique article(s), create a job ad on biotechnology

4

DLV.03; DL3.01; 3.02

CGE2b,2c,2d,4a,4f,5a,5e,5g

SIS.05,.06

K

C

MC

Symposium: topic relates to the use of biotechnology, complete the Book of Life

K/U = Knowledge/Understanding                       C = Communication

I = Inquiry                                                         MC = Making Connections

Unit 2:  Cellular functions

Time:  17 hours

Unit Description

The unit is divided into four activities which builds on the Grade 9 Science course expectations by examining the interrelationships among molecular dynamics, the cell membrane, and organelles and their functions. Students move from simple to more complex concepts. Emphasis is placed on student manipulation of materials and student design and testing of experimental procedures. Research-based tasks develop both research and critical thinking skills as students examine the applicability of theory in society, as well as the moral and ethical questions that science and technology raise.

The first activity examines the characteristics of macromolecules. Teachers are encouraged to use available computer software simulations to introduce this concept. The application of computer technology for medical and industrial uses is researched, and students could produce a one-page newspaper article summarizing their findings. Students are encouraged to investigate possible careers related to biology and biochemistry.

In the second activity, students study the characteristics of the membrane and design experiments to study the mechanisms/processes involved in the passage of materials through the membrane.

The third activity relates structure to the functioning of cell organelles. Students could illustrate the interrelationships of cellular processes by creating an energy and materials web. In addition, students could explain the flow of energy between photosynthesis and respiration by developing an energy flow chart. Students research then debate ‘the role of societal need vs. societal bias’ in driving the direction of technological advances by examining diseases such as AIDS. The motives that drive technological advances are studied from a Catholic perspective by having students read articles written by the Catholic Bishops on issues such as AIDS and HIV (see resource list).

In the fourth activity, students compare aerobic and anaerobic respiration. In addition, they explore the benefits of technological applications of cellular processes in industry (e.g., microbiological processes). Students could file a field report (as newscasters) on their position.

Unit Overview Chart

Cluster

Expectations

Assessment

Focus/Tasks

1

CFV.02,.03; CF1.02,2.02,2.04; 3.01

SIS.01,.02,.04,.05,.06,.07

CGE2c, 2e, 5a, 5f

K

I

MC

C

Macromolecules: describe the characteristics of macromolecules (through computer simulations and lab activities); research and report on technology for medical/industrial purposes

2

CFV.02; CF1.03,2.01

SIS.01,.02,.03,.06,.07

CGE 5a,5f

K

I

C

Cell membrane: fluid mosaic model; lab investigations into the movement across membranes

3

CFV.01,.02; CF1.01,1.04,1.06; 3.03

SIS.05,.07

CGE2c,3f,7e

K

C

MC

Cell organelles: cell processes and energy flow (photosynthesis and respiration); research technological advancements in this area

4

CFV.03; CF1.05; 2.03; 3.02

SIS.05

CGE2c,4g,5d,7d

K

I

C

MC

Respiration: aerobic and anaerobic; cell metabolism; explore the benefits of technology (microbial action) and design a newscast report

 

Unit 3:  Genetic Continuity

Time:  25 hours

Unit Description

This unit explores the foundations of life as we know them to date. Students explore the basis of heredity and the role of DNA in this process building on the Grade 9 Science curriculum. The predictability of inheritance is studied using a variety of lab-based techniques and simulations (on-line and hands-on). In addition, students review how our current understanding of genetics has impacted on our understanding of ourselves as dynamic beings and on our societies through the impact of biotechnology. Students develop attitudes and values founded on Catholic social teaching and act to promote social responsibility. Students recognize that genetic research and screening give rise to serious ethical issues. Abstracts from Vatican documents should be made available to students.

The primary focus of the first activity is updating student knowledge of DNA and the mechanisms used by the cell to perpetuate this molecule. The role of DNA in the manufacture of protein and how this is controlled is also explored. Using the jigsaw method students could make a presentation about the historical developments that led to the modern concept of the gene.

The second activity introduces the concept of continuity, focusing on the role of DNA replication in ensuring the transmission of information from cell to cell within the body. The process of mitosis is investigated using prepared slides, and the differences between plants and animals is elaborated.

The third activity builds on the concept of continuity and extends it to the species level. How organisms maintain continuity within a species and yet are diverse in their individuality is explored with an emphasis on the processes of meiosis and its role in creating diversity. Students build models, study sample material from representative organisms, and consider various problems using simulations and model building.

The fourth activity returns the student to the practical applications of this information as first shown by Gregor Mendel. Students develop their skills in predicting the outcomes of various genetic crosses using the techniques first pioneered by Mendel. By using simulators like the Virtual Fly Lab, students study the behaviour of various genes in the transmission of traits. Resources and time permitting, students could design and carry out genetic crosses using Drosophila cultures.

The last activity deals with how application of our knowledge about the modes of inheritance can lead to an understanding of how various genetic disorders are passed from generation to generation. Through this knowledge, students gain respect for the diversity of the world’s peoples. Students research genetic disorders and determine modes of inheritance. In addition, students develop the analytical skills necessary to construct a pedigree and then analyse the information presented to predict the outcome of various crosses.

Unit Overview Chart

Cluster

Expectations

Assessment

Focus/Tasks

1

GCV.01,GCV.03; GC1.02; GC2.05; GC3.01,3.02,3.03

SIS.04,.05,.07,.10

CGE2a-e,3b,4b,4f,7d

K

I

C

MC

DNA the molecule of life: describe its structure, and the processes of protein synthesis; Jigsaw presentation on scientists and discoveries regarding genetics

2

GCV.03; GC1.01; GC2.02

SIS.02,.07,.08,.09

CGE2a-e,3b-d,4d,7d,7i,7j

K

I

C

MC

Genetic Continuity I:

investigate through various lab activities

3

GCV.01,.02,.03; GC1.02, 1.04; GC2.01,2.03; GC3.01,3.02,3.03

SIS.05,.06,.07

CGE2a-e,3b-d,4d,7d,7i,7j

K

I

C

MC

Genetic Continuity II:

investigate through model building and simulation design

4

GCV.01,.02,.03; GC1.03,
1.05,1.06; GC2.02,2.03,2.04; GC3.01-3.03

SIS.01,.02,.03,.06,.07,.08

CGE2a-e, 3b-d,4d,7d,7i,7j

K

I

C

MC

Mendel: Predicting Heredity: investigate through activities and complete problems on genetic crosses

5

GCV.01 -.03; GC1.05,1.03,1.07; GC2.02,2.03,2.05; GC3.01-3.03

SIS.04,.05,.10

CGE2a-e, 3b-d,4d,7d,7i,7j

K

C

MC

Disorders: write a report and complete pedigree studies and problem sets

Web Scavenger Hunt - Genetic Disorders

 

Unit 4:  Internal Systems and Regulation

Time:  26 hours

Unit Description

Students will continue to develop their knowledge of systems of living things introduced in Grades 5
and 8. This unit focuses on the major processes, mechanisms, and systems including the respiratory, circulatory, and digestive systems in animals and plants. The internal processes that plant and animal systems use for internal regulation will be investigated through laboratory investigations. Through independent research and information sheets, students will evaluate the impact of personal lifestyle decisions on human health and the technologies that are available to help humans maintain good health. The role of Canadians in the development of these technologies will be explored. This unit is organized into four activities. Teachers are encouraged to include numerous and varied lab activities to make this unit personally engaging for the students.

Activity 1 leads students to discover the importance of the concept of homeostasis through teacher-led discussions. Following this, students perform lab investigations, including dissection(s) – either real or virtual − to learn about the structure and functions of animal and plant systems (respiratory, circulatory and digestive systems).

Students discover in Activity 2 the feedback systems involved in maintaining their own body systems. How fitness levels relate to cardiovascular and respiratory systems is explored, and students participate to the best of their abilities in a series of simple cardiovascular activities. These activities could be done in the school gym, outside track field, or at a fitness centre. Teachers are cautioned, and should ascertain, whether any students have heart or respiratory conditions but encourage all students to participate as fully as possible. Students monitor themselves by recording their heart rates and breathing rates. In Activity 2 students describe how the use of prescription and non-prescription drugs can affect their body’s homeostasis. Students could produce fact sheets about a specific drug (similar to those available from a local pharmacy).

In Activity 3, the teacher introduces a current issue, such as the use of steroids or amino acid supplements in sports and allows students time to research various aspects of the issue. The students could then debate the use of steroids/amino acid supplements. Alternatively, the teacher could present articles from newspapers and magazines outlining a specific topic and ask the students to read, analyse, and critique the article following the procedure used in the first unit (refer to sample unit: Diversity of Living Things). The teacher may invite the public health nurse or other practitioner to talk to the class about the impact that personal lifestyle decisions such as steroid use have on the health of individuals.

In Activity 4, the role that various technologies have on our understanding of internal systems is explored. This includes devices such as prosthetics, pacemakers, etc. Examples of Canadian contributions should be included (e.g., devices used in nuclear medicine). Students might present their findings in a seminar format. As an extension, students might design a web page for a particular device.

Throughout this unit, the activities are designed to help students develop a sense of respect for life, themselves, and others. By critically examining possible lifestyle choices, students are exposed to the ethical and moral dilemmas we all face and are better prepared to make choices for themselves that reflect our faith culture.

Unit Overview Chart

Cluster

Expectations

Assessment

Focus/Tasks

1

ISV.01,.02; IS1.01,.02,.03; IS2.01

SIS.01,.02,.03,.04,.07

CGE1d,2b,7i

K

I

Homeostasis and Animal and Plant Systems: define and then describe the structure and function of basic life systems through dissection

2

IS1.04,05; IS2.02,.03

SIS.01,.02,.03,.04,.05,.06,.07

CGE1e,1j,2b,2c,3b,3c,3d,3e

K

I

C

Feedback Systems and Fitness: conduct personal cardiovascular analysis, and describe the effects of drugs on homeostasis and produce a fact sheet

3

ISV.03; IS3.04

SIS.05

CGE2b,2c,2e,4e,4f,4g,4h,7a,7b,7f

K

C

MC

Lifestyle Choices: presented with a research topic, complete an analysis of it

4

ISV.03; IS3.01,.02,.03

SIS.05,.10

CGE2c,2e,5e,7g,7i

K

C

MC

Modern Applications of Technologies: explore how technology is used today following a seminar format

 

Unit 5:  Plant Anatomy Growth and Functions

Time:  24 hours

Unit Description

Students explore the role of plants in our biosphere and our society by studying the various uses of plants in modern life and the way in which plants contribute to the sustainability of ecosystems. In addition, students examine the various structures of plants and how these structures allow plants to survive.

The first activity begins by considering the many ways societies have made use of plants and their products. Students research how various plant-based products are used in food, medicine, and industrial processes, then share their knowledge with their peers. Part of this investigation focuses on the ways in which we manipulate plants in order to enhance their productivity. Students discuss the consequences of gene manipulation and reflect on the ethical issues that result from it.

In the second activity, students use prior knowledge of classification and taxonomy to classify plants into the major phyla. In doing so, students describe the main physiological, anatomical, and metabolic properties of the various plant groups, connecting that knowledge to the information gathered in the first activity.

The third activity focuses on the processes used by plants to acquire and recycle nutrients and the methods by which plants respond to changes in the environment. This activity permits the exploration of plant hormones and their uses in modern agricultural and industrial processes.

The last activity focuses on the natural environment and the role that plants play in changing ecosystems through ecological succession. Students use the information from the previous activities to explore the effects of different plant populations on a specific area or ecosystem.

Unit Overview Chart

Cluster

Expectations

Assessment

Focus/Task

1

PAV.02,.03; PA1.06,1.07; PA2.04; PA3.01-3.04

SIS.01,.02,.03,.05,.06,.07

CGE1d,1e,2a,2b,2c,2d,2e,
3b,3c,3d,3f,4b,4d,4f,5b,7d,7i,7j

K

I

C

MC

Plant Products: research and make a report on plants in food, medicine, etc.

2

PAV.01,.02; PA1.03,1.04; PA2.01

SIS.02,.03,.05,.07,.08,.09

CGE1d,1e,3b,3c,3d,3f,
4b,4d,4f,5b,7d,7i,7j

K

I

C

MC

Classify Plant Types: investigate and compare the organ systems/physiological structures of each of the groups

3

PAV.01,.02; PA1.02,1.05; PA2.01,2.02,2.03; PA3.01,3.02

SIS.03,.04,.05,.07

CGE1d,1e,2b,3b,3c,3d,3f,
4b,4d,4f,5b,7d,7i,7j

K

I

C

MC

Monocots and Dicots: perform lab investigations on plant structures and explore modern agricultural techniques

4

PAV.01,-.03; PA1.01; PA2.02

SIS.03,.04,.06,.09,.10

CGE1d,1e,3b,3c,3d,3f,
4b,4d,4f,5b,7d,7i,7j

K

I

C

MC

Factors Affecting the Growth and Development of Plants: describe ecological succession and investigate nutrient requirements of plants

 

Teaching/Learning Strategies

In planning this course, consideration should be given to both the course expectations and the needs of individual students. The teacher should provide learning experiences which promote interest, understanding, and excellence. In order for this course to prepare students to meet the university entrance requirements, the teacher must emphasize the theoretical aspects of the course and incorporate relevant applications. The role of the teacher is to establish the conceptual framework to help the students develop specific skills and attitudes while considering the individual student’s learning style. By fostering an atmosphere where learning is meaningful, integrative, challenging, active, and value-based, teachers can help their students become excited about learning.

Throughout this course, students should be given numerous and varied opportunities to acquire knowledge and develop skills and attitudes through a variety of teaching and learning strategies. The strategies that the teacher uses should provide students with multiple opportunities to develop and demonstrate their learning and skills across all four categories of the Achievement Chart. The following is a list of suggestions with examples of links to the course expectations.

·         Expectations that require Knowledge can be developed through:

·         brainstorming; DV1.01

·         teacher-directed lessons and discussions; CF1.03

·         small group instruction;

·         independent research; GC1.05, CF2.05

·         self-directed learning, etc.; IS2.03

·         Expectations that involve Inquiry can be met by:

·         conducting and analyzing experiments; IS2.02, CF2.01, GC2.02

·         designing lab investigations; PA2.02, GC2.01

·         formulating questions; CF2.03

·         solving problems; GC2.02

·         Expectations that encourage Communication can be demonstrated by:

·         written reports; DL2.03, DL3.02

·         group discussions; CF3.01

·         debates; CF3.03, IS3.04

·         seminars; IS3.01

·         student presentations (for example, oral presentations, video and audio presentations, skits,
photo essay etc.); DL3.01.

·         Expectations where students expand their Knowledge to Make Connections can be developed through:

·         independent research;

·         exposure to experts in their field ( for example, by attending university lectures or doing Internet research);

·         reflective papers; DL3.02;

·         portfolios; DL1.01;

·         participation in science fairs;

·         article critique; DL3.01.

Assessment & Evaluation of Student Achievement

The primary purpose of assessment and evaluation is to improve student learning. Information gathered through assessment helps the teacher determine the student’s strengths and weaknesses in their achievement of the curriculum expectations in this course.

In order to allow students to demonstrate that they have mastered the knowledge and developed the skills required for university entrance, the teacher must establish a balanced assessment plan for the course and select appropriate methods, strategies, and tools. Students will be required to demonstrate that they have developed both independent research skills and independent learning skills. Assessment and evaluation must be based on the curriculum expectations for this course and the achievement levels outlined in The Program Planning and Assessment, 2000 document. In designing and planning this course, the learning expectations were clustered in order to balance the categories within the Achievement Chart. The teacher must, at the beginning and throughout the course, share the assessment criteria with the students and their parents and give feedback that guides the students’ efforts towards improvement. The assessment results should be used to motivate students and help them establish next steps in their learning goals. In order to ensure that assessment and evaluations are valid and reliable, the teacher must use assessment and evaluation strategies that:

·         address both what the students learn and how well they learn it;

·         are based on both the categories of knowledge and skills and on the achievement levels;

·         are varied in nature, administered over a period of time, and demonstrate the full range of their learning;

·         promote the students’ ability to assess their own learning and to set specific goals.

Assessment practices must provide teachers with information on what students write, say, and do throughout this course.

·         The corresponding methods of assessment are:

·         paper and pencil;

·         personal communication;

·         performance task.

·         Possible assessment strategies include:

·         paper and pencil: tests, quizzes, concept maps, essay, written report/lab reports, research paper;

·         personal communication: interviews, conferences, journals, classroom discussions;

·         performance task: individual presentations, plays/skits, lab performance.

·         The tools used to effectively measure the students’ learning and mastery of skills are:

·         checklists;

·         marking scheme;

·         rating scale;

·         rubric.

As a university preparation course, we recommend that teachers carefully consider a balanced weighting of the four categories of achievement throughout each unit and in the final evaluation. This will work to ensure that students have the opportunity to develop and demonstrate their level of achievement of the knowledge, independent research and learning skills necessary for this university preparation course. Knowledge could be assessed through multiple choice type questions, Inquiry through a lab practicum or dry lab question, Making Connections through an extended response, short essay type question, or critique of a journal article.

The Provincial Report Card contains separate sections for reporting on achievement of the curriculum expectations and for reporting on demonstrated skills required for effective learning. The student’s final grade for this course will be determined as follows:

·         Seventy per cent of the grade will be based on evaluations conducted throughout this course. This portion of the grade should reflect the students’ most consistent level of achievement throughout the course, although special consideration should be given to the most recent evidence of achievement. It is recommended that a lab practicum be included in the summative evaluation of particular units rather than at the end of the course (e.g., a lab practical could be part of Unit 3-Genetic Continuity to assess lab skills developed within this unit).

·         Thirty per cent of the grade will be based on a final evaluation administered towards the end of the course. The weighting of each of the four categories in the final evaluation should be consistent with the assessment/evaluation practices used throughout the course. It is recommended that the final evaluation for this university preparation course be in the form of a written final examination that consists of a balance of question types and levels of difficulty, not just multiple choice questions. Teachers may consider including an essay, portfolio etc. as part of the summative evaluation for this course.

Teachers may encourage students to design and conduct a Science Fair project which would allow them to further develop their independent research and learning skills. If this is to be used as part of the summative assessment for this course, care should be taken to ensure that a number of expectations from several units are incorporated.

Accommodations

Teachers must consider the needs of exceptional students in the planning of the science curriculum. Accommodation to the program activities and/or the environment may be necessary. Where the student has an Individual Education Plan (IEP), the teacher must meet the needs of the student as outlined in the Plan.

Exceptional students, as well as other students who are not identified as exceptional, but who have an IEP and are receiving special education programs and services, should be given every opportunity to achieve the curriculum expectations set out for this course.

A variety of teaching approaches may need to be used to help exceptional students achieve the learning expectations of this course. Examples of such approaches may include:

·         using special resources (e.g., reading material consistent with students’ reading levels and learning styles, audio tapes of difficult chapters, adapted computers);

·         using a variety of teaching/learning strategies (e.g., special interest groupings for research projects, collaborative groups, mentorship programs, independent study plans);

·         collaborating with resource teachers, library staff and other professionals;

·         consulting with parents about providing appropriate study environment in the home;

·         allowing more time for the completion of assignments or achievement of the learning expectations;

·         providing alternative ways of completing tasks or presenting information (e.g., taped answers);

·         simplifying the language of instruction;

·         providing alternative homework assignments;

·         providing alternative tasks for highly motivated and gifted students (e.g., encourage participation in district science fairs, subject specific university founded competitions, attendance at university sponsored activities/lectures).

Assessment procedures and strategies may also need to be altered. Examples include:

·         changing the time requirement of assignments or assessment tasks;

·         changing the format of the assessment material (e.g., braille);

·         simplifying test instructions and the language of questions;

·         allowing the use of scribes, tape recorders, word processors etc.

For English as a second language (ESL) students or English literacy development (ELD) students, teachers should provide opportunities for the students to demonstrate their learning by alternate means such as: pairing written instructions with verbal instructions; using key visuals to illustrate definitions; allow extra time for reading or written assignments; encourage the use of first language dictionaries for assignments.

For students with physical or learning impairments, classroom and laboratory activities should be altered to permit maximum participation. If possible, students with physical disabilities should be allowed access to sinks, lab desks, etc. that are appropriate to their needs.

Resources

Print Materials

Berry, G. and D. Lynn. Biology of Ourselves. Toronto: J. Wiley & Sons, 1990. ISBN 0-471-79526-7

Catechism of the Catholic Church. Ottawa: Publication Service, Canadian Conference of Catholic Bishops, 1994. ISBN 0-88997-281-8

Challenge and A Responsibility, AIDS A Catholic Educational Approach to HIV. Toronto: OCCB. 1999.

Caulderwood, C. and N. Campbell. Understanding Biology: Laboratory Manual. Toronto: J. Wiley & Sons, 1989. ISBN 0-471-79635-2

Celebrating An Education for Justice and Peace, The Catholic Bishops of Ontario. Toronto: OCCB., 1996.

Galbraith, Don, et al. Biology 11. Toronto: McGraw-Hill Ryerson, 2001. ISBN 0-07-088708-X

Galbraith, D., et al. Understanding Biology. Toronto: J. Wiley & Sons, 1989. ISBN 0-471-79654-9

Instruction on Respect for Human Life in Its Origin and the Dignity of Procreation. Vatican City: Vatican Press, 1987.

Poole, M., G. Pilkey, and E. Johnson. Biology in Action. Toronto: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1992.
ISBN 0-7747-1348-8

Ritter, Robert, Christine Adam-Carr, and Doug Fraser. Biology 11. Toronto: Nelson, 2001.

Scarrow, H. Biology: Your Bodyworks. Toronto: Globe/Modern Curriculum Press, 1990.
ISBN 0-88996-214-6

Suzuki, David. Earth Times. Toronto: Stoddart Publishing Co., 1998.

Suzuki, David. The Sacred Balance. Toronto: Greystone Books, 1997.

The New American Catholic Bible. Wichita, Kansas: Catholic Bible Publications, 1992.

CD-ROM

A.D.A.M. Fort Erie: Films for the Humanities and Sciences, 2000.

Life Processes and Green Plants. Fort Erie: Films for the Humanities and Sciences, 2000.

Genetics. Fort Erie: Films for the Humanities and Sciences, 2000.

Human Health. Fort Erie: Films for the Humanities and Sciences, 2000.

Humans as Organisms. Fort Erie: Films for the Humanities and Sciences, 2000.

Masterman, Dan. Biology with Computers Using Logger Pro. Portland: Vernier Software.

Plant Biology Tutor. Fort Erie: Films for the Humanities and Sciences, 2000.

Videos

A Journey through the Cell. Fort Erie: Films for the Humanities and Sciences, 2000. 2 part series: 25 min. each.

AIDS: A Biological Perspective. Toronto: kineticvideo.com. 30 min.

Alien Invaders: Biodiversity at Risk. Fort Erie: Films for the Humanities and Sciences, 2000. 30 min.

Animated Neuroscience and the action of nicotine, cocaine, and marijuana in the brain. Fort Erie: Films for the Humanities and Sciences, 2000. 25 min.

Biotechnology. Fort Erie: Films for the Humanities and Sciences, 2000. 23 min.

Genetic Discoveries, Disorders, and Mutations. Fort Erie: Films for the Humanities and Sciences, 2000. 26 min.

Hand-Me-Down-Genes. Fort Erie: Films for the Humanities and Sciences, 2000. 2 part series: 28 min.

Human Body 3. Toronto: National Geographic, 1998.

Human Health. Toronto: kineticvideo.com

Narcotics. Fort Erie: Films for the Humanities and Sciences, 2000. 30 min.

Practical Applications and Risks of Genetic Science. Fort Erie: Films for the Humanities and Sciences, 2000. 24 min.

Steroids. Fort Erie: Films for the Humanities and Sciences, 2000. 24 min.

Surviving AIDS. NOVA, 1999. 60 min.

The Global Impact of AIDS. Fort Erie: Films for the Humanities and Sciences, 2000. 50 min.

The Jungle Pharmacy: Nature’s Remedy. Fort Erie: Films for the Humanities and Sciences, 2000. 27 min.

The New Living Body. Fort Erie: Films for the Humanities and Sciences, 2000. 10 part series, 20 min. each.

Understanding the Basic Concepts of Genetics. Fort Erie: Films for the Humanities and Sciences, 2000. 30 min.

The World of Living Organisms. Fort Erie: Films for the Humanities and Sciences, 2000. 10 part series: 15 minutes each.

Web of Life: Exploring Biodiversity. Fort Erie: Films for the Humanities and Sciences, 2000. 1 hour 55 min.

Websites

Note: The URLs for the websites have been verified by the writers prior to publication. Given the frequency with which these designations change, teachers should always verify the websites prior to assigning them for student use.

 

Aquatic Ecosystems - http://www.ec.gc.ca/water/index.htm

Canada’s Aquatic Environment - http://www.aquatic.uoguelph.ca/wetlands.htm

Cells alive - http://www.cellsalive.com

Ducks Unlimited - www.ducks.ca/edu/resource.html

Explorescience (interactive science simulations for students) - www.explorescience.com

Introduction to Aquatic Environments - http://www.adopt-a-watershed.org/matrix.ae.htm

Health Canada - http://hc-sc.gc.ca/hpb/lcdc/bid/respdie

Prominent invertebrates - http://www.userpages.embc.edu/rrhudyl/micro.htm

Virtual Fly Lab - http://biologylab.awlonline.com

World Wildlife foundation - http://www.wwfcanada.org

Other

Cells Poster Set. Fort Erie: Films for the Humanities and Sciences, 2000. (10 laminated posters)

OSS Considerations

Students can benefit from experiences in biology-related activities through Cooperative Education. They may consider a cooperative education placement related to this course. Students should explore biology-related careers throughout the course and consider them when they are developing their Annual Education Plan (AEP).

Students may choose to job shadow. This gives them an opportunity to observe and gain a better understanding of biology-related careers, for example in the area of health services.

Students should have a safe environment for learning, free from harassment of all types, including violence and expressions of hate. Learning activities should be designed to help students develop respect for human rights and dignity and to develop a sense of personal, social, and civic responsibility.

Students are required to complete forty hours of community involvement activities prior to graduation. They should consult their Board’s list of eligible Christian Service activities to complete this requirement.

Students graduating from Ontario schools are expected to be technologically literate. Through the study of this science course, students should be able to understand and apply technological concepts to use computers in various applications and to analyse the implications of technology on individuals and society.


Coded Expectations, Biology, Grade 11, University Preparation, SBI3U

Scientific Investigation Skills

SIS.01 · demonstrate an understanding of safety practices consistent with Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System (WHMIS) legislation by selecting and applying appropriate techniques for handling, storing, and disposing of laboratory materials (e.g., use proper techniques in preparing, using, and disposing of bacterial cultures);

SIS.02 · select appropriate instruments and use them effectively and accurately in collecting observations and data (e.g., microscope, laboratory glassware, stethoscope, dissection instruments);

SIS.03 · demonstrate the skills required to plan and carry out investigations, using laboratory equipment safely, effectively, and accurately (e.g., conduct an experiment to determine the effects of quantity and quality of light on photosynthesis);

SIS.04 · select and use appropriate numeric, symbolic, graphical, and linguistic modes of representation to communicate scientific ideas, plans, and experimental results (e.g., use characteristics of organisms and the principles and nomenclature of taxonomy to classify organisms; use proper terminology related to organs and tissues);

SIS.05 · locate, select, analyse, and integrate information on topics under study, working independently and as part of a team, and using appropriate library and electronic research tools, including Internet sites;

SIS.06 · compile, organize, and interpret data, using appropriate formats and treatments, including tables, flow charts, graphs, and diagrams;

SIS.07 · communicate the procedures and results of investigations and research for specific purposes using data tables and laboratory reports (e.g., report on an experimental investigation of the movement of materials across a cell membrane);

SIS.08 · express the result of any calculation involving experimental data to the appropriate number of decimal places or significant figures;

SIS.09 · select and use appropriate SI units (units of measurement of the Système international d’unités, or International System of Units);

SIS.10 · identify and describe science- and technology-based careers related to the subject area under study (e.g., biochemist, forester, geneticist, physiotherapist, oncologist, horticulturist).

Cellular Functions

Overall Expectations

CFV.01 · demonstrate an understanding of cell structure and function and the processes of metabolism and membrane transport;

CFV.02 · investigate the fundamental molecular principles and mechanisms that govern energy-transforming activities in all living matter, whether it be animal, plant, or microbial;

CFV.03 · demonstrate an understanding of the relationship between cell functions and their technological and environmental applications.

Specific Expectations

Understanding Basic Concepts

CF1.01 – describe how organelles and other cell components carry out various cell processes (e.g., digestion, transportation, gas exchange, excretion) and explain how these processes are related to the function of organs;

CF1.02 – identify and describe the structure and function of important biochemical compounds, including carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids;

CF1.03 – describe the fluid mosaic structure of cell membranes, and explain the dynamics of passive transport (facilitated diffusion) and the processes of endocytosis and exocytosis of large particles;

CF1.04 – explain the flow of energy between photosynthesis and respiration;

CF1.05 – compare anaerobic respiration (including fermentation) and aerobic respiration and state the advantages and disadvantages for an organism or tissue of using either process;

CF1.06 – illustrate and explain important cellular processes (e.g., protein synthesis, respiration, lysosomal digestion), including their function in the cell, the ways in which they are interrelated, and the fact that they occur in all living cells.

Developing Skills of Inquiry and Communication

CF2.01 – design and carry out an investigation on cellular function, controlling the major variables (e.g., examine the movement of substances across a membrane; measure a metabolic process such as fermentation);

CF2.02 – view and manipulate computer-generated, three-dimensional molecular models of important biochemical compounds, including carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids;

CF2.03 – identify new questions and problems stemming from the study of metabolism in plant and animal cells (e.g., What is the relationship between chloroplasts and mitochondria in plant cells?);

CF2.04 – carry out, in a safe and accurate manner, biological tests for macromolecules found in living organisms (e.g., use iodine and Benedict’s solution to test for carbohydrates; use Sudan IV to test for the presence of lipids).

Relating Science to Technology, Society, and the Environment

CF3.01 – present informed opinions on advances in cellular biology and possible applications through related technology (e.g., new treatments for cancer; the possibility of producing ethanol as a fuel; the uses of radioactive labelling, fluorescence of genetic material, or simulations of three-dimensional molecular structure);

CF3.02 – explain how scientific knowledge of cellular processes is used in technological applications (e.g., how knowledge of a particular microbe is used in biotechnological applications in the pulp and paper industry or in the clean-up of oil spills);

CF3.03 – analyse ways in which societal needs have led to technological advances related to cellular processes (e.g., document, using newspaper articles, the impact of public awareness on research to detect and treat diseases such as AIDS and hepatitis C).

Genetic Continuity

Overall Expectations

GCV.01 · demonstrate an understanding of the necessity of meiosis and describe the importance of genes in transmitting hereditary characteristics according to Mendel’s model of inheritance;

GCV.02 · perform laboratory studies of meiosis and analyse the results of genetic research related to the laws of heredity;

GCV.03 · outline the scientific findings and some of the technological advances that led to the modern concept of the gene and to genetic technology, and demonstrate an awareness of some of the social and political issues raised by genetic research and reproductive technology.

Specific Expectations

Understanding Basic Concepts

GC1.01 – demonstrate an understanding of the process and importance of mitosis (e.g., cell division and the phases of mitosis);

GC1.02 – explain how the concepts of DNA, genes, chromosomes, and meiosis account for the transmission of hereditary characteristics from generation to generation (e.g., explain how the sex of an individual can be determined genetically; demonstrate an understanding that the expression of a genetic disorder linked to the sex chromosomes is more common in males than in females);

GC1.03 – describe and explain the process of discovery (e.g., the sequence of studies and the knowledge gained) that led Mendel to formulate his laws of heredity;

GC1.04 – explain the process of meiosis in terms of the replication and movement of chromosomes;

GC1.05 – describe genetic disorders (e.g., Down syndrome, cystic fibrosis, muscular dystrophy, fragile X syndrome) in terms of the chromosomes affected, physical effects, and treatment;

GC1.06 – explain, using Mendelian genetics, the concepts of dominance, co-dominance, incomplete dominance, recessiveness, and sex-linkage;

GC1.07 – predict the outcome of various genetic crosses.

Developing Skills of Inquiry and Communication

GC2.01 – explain the process of meiosis, with reference to a computer simulation or to their own investigations with a microscope (e.g., using slides of grasshopper testis, explain what happens in the first and second stages of prophase and metaphase and anaphase 2 in meiosis);

GC2.02 – solve basic genetic problems involving monohybrid crosses, incomplete dominance, co-dominance, dihybrid crosses, and sex-linked genes using the Punnett method;

GC2.03 – organize data (e.g., in a table) that illustrate the number of chromosomes in haploid cells and diploid cells, and the number of pairs of chromosomes in diploid cells, that occur in various organisms before, during, and as a result of meiosis;

GC2.04 – compile qualitative and quantitative data from a laboratory investigation on monohybrid and dihybrid crosses, and present the results, either by hand or computer (e.g., record observations using a “Virtual Fly” laboratory software package);

GC2.05 – research genetic technologies using sources from print and electronic media, and synthesize the information gained (e.g., describe the Human Genome Project, transgenics, or the process of genetic screening; list the advantages and disadvantages of cloning or the genetic manipulation of plants).

Relating Science to Technology, Society, and the Environment

GC3.01 – summarize the main scientific discoveries of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries that led to the modern concept of the gene (e.g., the discoveries of Hugo de Vries, W.S. Sutton, Thomas Morgan, J. Muller, Barbara McClintock, Rosalind Franklin, James Watson, and Francis Crick);

GC3.02 – describe and analyse examples of genetic technologies that were developed on the basis of scientific understanding (e.g., the improvement of an experimental procedure to extract DNA from bacterial or plant cells);

GC3.03 – identify and describe examples of Canadian contributions to knowledge about genetic processes (e.g., research into cystic fibrosis) and to technologies and techniques related to genetic processes (e.g., the invention of nuclear magnetic resonance [NMR]).

Internal Systems and Regulation

Overall Expectations

ISV.01 · describe and explain the major processes, mechanisms, and systems, including the respiratory, circulatory, and digestive systems, by which plants and animals maintain their internal environment;

ISV.02 · illustrate and explain, through laboratory investigations, the contribution of various types of systems and processes to internal regulation in plant and animal systems;

ISV.03 · evaluate the impact of personal lifestyle decisions on the health of humans, and analyse how societal concern for maintaining human health has advanced the development of technologies related to the regulation of internal systems.

Specific Expectations

Understanding Basic Concepts

IS1.01 – describe the process of ventilation and gas exchange from the environment to the cell (e.g., describe the pathway of oxygen from the atmosphere to the cell, and the roles of ventilation, haemoglobin, and diffusion in this process);

IS1.02 – explain the role of transport or circulatory systems in the transport of substances in an organism (e.g., explain how nutrients, respiratory gases, end products of metabolism, and hormones or regulatory chemicals are transported from one area in an organism to another);

IS1.03 – describe the importance of nutrients and digestion in providing substances needed for energy and growth (e.g., relate the need for carbohydrates in the diet to their role in cellular respiration; describe the many uses of proteins; describe how plants use nutrients);

IS1.04 – demonstrate an understanding of how fitness level is related to the efficiency of metabolism and of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems;

IS1.05 – describe how the use of prescription and non-prescription drugs can disrupt or help maintain homeostasis (e.g., describe the effects of acetylsalicylic acid, or ASA, on human systems).

Developing Skills of Inquiry and Communication

IS2.01 – compare the anatomy of different organisms – vertebrate and/or invertebrate (e.g., carry out a dissection, or use a computer-simulated dissection, of a mammal or a fish to examine the heart, the pulmonary circulation system, the aorta, and other main arteries and veins, and compare the functions of the arteries and veins to those of xylem and phloem in plants);

IS2.02 – design and carry out, in a safe and accurate manner, an experiment on feedback mechanisms, identifying specific variables (e.g., investigate feedback controls by comparing resting rates of heartbeat and breathing with those after exercise, and then again after rest);

IS2.03 – select and integrate information about internal systems from various print and electronic sources, or from several parts of the same source (e.g., present information about special diets, such as those for vegans and diabetics; develop a pamphlet on how to treat the accidental ingestion of poisons).

Relating Science to Technology, Society, and the Environment

IS3.01 – identify examples of technologies that have enhanced scientific understanding of internal systems (e.g., instruments used to monitor biological systems, such as the computer axial tomography [CAT] scanner or the stethoscope, and products used to alter or augment them, such as pharmaceuticals, prosthetics, and pacemakers; the use of radio-isotopes to identify and combat diseases);

IS3.02 – provide examples of Canadian contributions to the development of technology for examining internal systems (e.g., devices used in nuclear medicine);

IS3.03 – analyse and explain how societal needs have led to scientific and technological developments related to internal systems (e.g., explain how the need to maintain wellness in humans led to the development of dietary products and fitness equipment; analyse how social awareness of the importance of organ donation has led to improved techniques for transplanting organs, such as the liver);

IS3.04 – present informed opinions about how scientific knowledge of internal systems influences personal choices concerning nutrition and lifestyle (e.g., explain the advantages and disadvantages of taking steroids or amino acid supplements; explain the scientific reasons for committing personal time to exercise).

Diversity of Living Things

Overall Expectations

DLV.01 · demonstrate an understanding of the diversity of living organisms through applying the concepts of phylogeny and taxonomy to the kingdoms of life (including Eubacteria and Archeabacteria) and viruses;

DLV.02 · use techniques of sampling and classification to illustrate the fundamental principles of taxonomy;

DLV.03 · relate the role of common characteristics and diversity within the kingdoms of life (including Eubacteria and Archeabacteria) to the importance of maintaining biodiversity within natural ecosystems, and explain the use of micro-organisms in biotechnology.

Specific Expectations

Understanding Basic Concepts

DL1.01 – define the fundamental principles of taxonomy and phylogeny (e.g., provide definitions of concepts such as genus, species, and taxon, and explain how species are categorized and named according to structure and/or evolutionary history);

DL1.02 – compare and contrast the structure and function of different types of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells (e.g., compare prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells in terms of genetic material, metabolism, and organelles/cell parts);

DL1.03 – describe selected anatomical and physiological characteristics of representative organisms from each life kingdom and a representative virus (e.g., describe gas exchange mechanisms and structures, or reproductive processes and components);

DL1.04 – compare and contrast the life cycles of representative organisms from each life kingdom and a representative virus (e.g., draw and label the life cycles of representative organisms, and make a chart comparing the features of the life cycles);

DL1.05 – explain the importance of sexual reproduction (including the process of meiosis) to variability within a population.

Developing Skills of Inquiry and Communication

DL2.01 – demonstrate, through applying classification techniques and terminology, the usefulness of the system of scientific nomenclature in the field of taxonomy;

DL2.02 – classify representative organisms from each of the kingdoms (e.g., classify organisms according to their nutritional pattern, type of reproduction, habitat, and general structures);

DL2.03 – use appropriate sampling procedures to collect various organisms in a marsh, pond, or other ecosystem, and classify them following the principles of taxonomy.

Relating Science to Technology, Society, and the Environment

DL3.01 – explain the relevance of current studies of viruses and bacteria to the field of biotechnology (e.g., give examples of how viruses and bacteria are used in biotechnology);

DL3.02 – demonstrate an understanding of the connection between biodiversity and species survival (e.g., state the advantages to a population of having genetic variations between individuals – such as the resistance to infection by “new” micro-organisms, the resistance of insects to pesticides, or the resistance of bacteria to antibiotics; explain why some species and not others survive an environmental stress).

Plants:  Anatomy, Growth, and Functions

Overall Expectations

PAV.01 · describe the major processes and mechanisms by which plants grow, develop, and supply various products, including energy and nutrition, needed by other organisms;

PAV.02 · demonstrate an understanding, based in part on their own investigations, of the connections among the factors that affect the growth of plants, the uses of plants, and the ways in which plants adapt to their environment;

PAV.03 · evaluate how the energy and nutritional needs of a population influence the development and use of plant science and technology.

Specific Expectations

Understanding Basic Concepts

PA1.01 – illustrate the process of succession and the role of plants in the maintenance of diversity and the survival of organisms;

PA1.02 – describe the structure and function of the components of each of the leaf, the stem, and the root of a representative vascular plant (e.g., describe the path of water from the soil through the plant);

PA1.03 – explain how non-vascular plants (e.g., multicellular algae, bryophytes) function without a specialized vascular system;

PA1.04 – differentiate between monocot and dicot plants by observing and comparing the structure of their seeds and identifying vascular differences between plants;

PA1.05 – describe the effects of growth regulators (e.g., auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins);

PA1.06 – describe and explain some of the food and industrial processes that depend on plants;

PA1.07 – describe and explain some of the uses of plant extracts in food and therapeutic products.

Developing Skills of Inquiry and Communication

PA2.01 – design and carry out an experiment to determine the factors that affect the growth of a population of plants, identifying and controlling major variables (e.g., examine the effect on plant growth of the quantity of nutrients, or the quantity and quality of light, or temperature, or salinity);

PA2.02 – describe the nutrients required for the development of plants (e.g., describe the uses of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in the plant, and relate them to fertilizer content; consider different stages in the growth of plants, from germination through growth, flowering, and fruit production, and indicate the appropriate fertilizer to be used at each stage);

PA2.03 – identify, using a microscope and models, the plant tissues in roots, stems, and leaves (e.g., use a microscope to identify tissues such as xylem and phloem throughout the plant);

PA2.04 – compile information about the chemical products derived from plants and, either by hand or computer, display the information in a variety of formats, including diagrams, flow charts, tables, graphs, and scatter plots (e.g., make a chart of plants and their related products).

Relating Science to Technology, Society, and the Environment

PA3.01 – identify various factors that result in trade-offs in the development of food technologies (e.g., explain why vegetable growers might prefer varieties that “travel well” – that is, don’t spoil easily – over those with the most flavour or nutritional value);

PA3.02 – describe and explain ways in which society supports and influences plant science and technology (e.g., analyse the influence on food production technologies of the constant demand for fresh fruit at affordable prices);

PA3.03 – express opinions supported by their own research about the case for funding certain projects in plant science or technology rather than others (e.g., evaluate the relative merits, for funding purposes, of research projects on genetic manipulation of plants over projects related to the development of organic products);

PA3.04 – describe how a technology related to plants functions (e.g., long-term use of pesticides, including herbicides), and evaluate it on the basis of identified criteria such as safety, cost, availability, and impact on everyday life and the environment.


Ontario Catholic School Graduate Expectations

 

The graduate is expected to be:

 

A Discerning Believer Formed in the Catholic Faith Community   who

 

CGE1a    -illustrates a basic understanding of the saving story of our Christian faith;

CGE1b    -participates in the sacramental life of the church and demonstrates an understanding of the centrality of the Eucharist to our Catholic story;

CGE1c    -actively reflects on God’s Word as communicated through the Hebrew and Christian scriptures;

CGE1d    -develops attitudes and values founded on Catholic social teaching and acts to promote social responsibility, human solidarity and the common good;

CGE1e    -speaks the language of life... “recognizing that life is an unearned gift and that a person entrusted with life does not own it but that one is called to protect and cherish it.” (Witnesses to Faith)

CGE1f     -seeks intimacy with God and celebrates communion with God, others and creation through prayer and worship;

CGE1g    -understands that one’s purpose or call in life comes from God and strives to discern and live out this call throughout life’s journey;

CGE1h    -respects the faith traditions, world religions and the life-journeys of all people of good will;

CGE1i     -integrates faith with life;

CGE1j     -recognizes that “sin, human weakness, conflict and forgiveness are part of the human journey” and that the cross, the ultimate sign of forgiveness is at the heart of redemption. (Witnesses to Faith)

 

An Effective Communicator   who

CGE2a    -listens actively and critically to understand and learn in light of gospel values;

CGE2b    -reads, understands and uses written materials effectively;

CGE2c    -presents information and ideas clearly and honestly and with sensitivity to others;

CGE2d    -writes and speaks fluently one or both of Canada’s official languages;

CGE2e    -uses and integrates the Catholic faith tradition, in the critical analysis of the arts, media, technology and information systems to enhance the quality of life.

 

A Reflective and Creative Thinker   who

CGE3a    -recognizes there is more grace in our world than sin and that hope is essential in facing all challenges;

CGE3b    -creates, adapts, evaluates new ideas in light of the common good;

CGE3c    -thinks reflectively and creatively to evaluate situations and solve problems;

CGE3d    -makes decisions in light of gospel values with an informed moral conscience;

CGE3e    -adopts a holistic approach to life by integrating learning from various subject areas and experience;

CGE3f     -examines, evaluates and applies knowledge of interdependent systems (physical, political, ethical, socio-economic and ecological) for the development of a just and compassionate society.

 

A Self-Directed, Responsible, Life Long Learner   who

CGE4a    -demonstrates a confident and positive sense of self and respect for the dignity and welfare of others;

CGE4b    -demonstrates flexibility and adaptability;

CGE4c    -takes initiative and demonstrates Christian leadership;

CGE4d    -responds to, manages and constructively influences change in a discerning manner;

CGE4e    -sets appropriate goals and priorities in school, work and personal life;

CGE4f     -applies effective communication, decision-making, problem-solving, time and resource management skills;

CGE4g    -examines and reflects on one’s personal values, abilities and aspirations influencing life’s choices and opportunities;

CGE4h    -participates in leisure and fitness activities for a balanced and healthy lifestyle.

 

A Collaborative Contributor   who

CGE5a    -works effectively as an interdependent team member;

CGE5b    -thinks critically about the meaning and purpose of work;

CGE5c    -develops one’s God-given potential and makes a meaningful contribution to society;

CGE5d    -finds meaning, dignity, fulfillment and vocation in work which contributes to the common good;

CGE5e    -respects the rights, responsibilities and contributions of self and others;

CGE5f     -exercises Christian leadership in the achievement of individual and group goals;

CGE5g    -achieves excellence, originality, and integrity in one’s own work and supports these qualities in the work of others;

CGE5h    -applies skills for employability, self-employment and entrepreneurship relative to Christian vocation.

 

A Caring Family Member   who

CGE6a    -relates to family members in a loving, compassionate and respectful manner;

CGE6b    -recognizes human intimacy and sexuality as God given gifts, to be used as the creator intended;

CGE6c    -values and honours the important role of the family in society;

CGE6d    -values and nurtures opportunities for family prayer;   

CGE6e    -ministers to the family, school, parish, and wider community through service.

 

A Responsible Citizen   who

CGE7a    -acts morally and legally as a person formed in Catholic traditions;

CGE7b    -accepts accountability for one’s own actions;

CGE7c    -seeks and grants forgiveness;

CGE7d    -promotes the sacredness of life;

CGE7e    -witnesses Catholic social teaching by promoting equality, democracy, and solidarity for a just, peaceful and compassionate society;

CGE7f     -respects and affirms the diversity and interdependence of the world’s peoples and cultures;

CGE7g    -respects and understands the history, cultural heritage and pluralism of today’s contemporary society;

CGE7h    -exercises the rights and responsibilities of Canadian citizenship;

CGE7i     -respects the environment and uses resources wisely;

CGE7j     -contributes to the common good.